It's Our Turn to Eat Read online

  De La Rue 78

  Delamere family 8, 105

  Democratic Party 69, 118, 135, 175–6, 242

  Democratic Republic of Congo 15, 83, 115, 124, 196, 325

  Department for International

  Development, UK (DfID) 194, 204, 205–12, 225, 261–2, 267, 275, 276, 337

  Diop, Makhtar 190–2, 199, 223–4, 260

  Dorobo tribe 103, 105

  EastAfrican 12, 141

  East African Community 140, 307

  East African Standard 41, 56–60, 248, 255–7, 259

  Easterly, William 207

  Eigen, Peter 141, 142

  Eldoret 112, 114, 290, 307

  Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK) 298, 301, 306, 307, 315n

  Eliot, Sir Charles 46

  Embu 43, 72, 108, 216, 291, 307, 313

  End of Poverty, The (Sachs) 192

  Escrivá, Josemaría 33, 134

  Ethiopia 9, 50, 115, 192, 277

  European Union: Common Agricultural Policy 207; elections 2007, observers in Kenya for 298, 307; gives greater say to Kenyan Treasury on how aid is spent 286; JG’s resignation, reaction to 223

  Executive magazine 65, 138, 139, 141

  Face Technologies 78

  Facing Mount Kenya (Kenyatta) 103–4, 107

  FBI 228, 326

  Financial Times 11, 12, 23, 187, 189–90, 333

  Fish, Dave 267

  Ford Foundation 264

  Foreign and Commonwealth Office, UK (FCO) 194, 196, 201, 203, 206, 225, 259, 334

  G8 meeting, Gleneagles (2005) 206, 212, 262

  Gado 63, 202

  Geldof, Bob 205, 266

  Gellhorn, Martha 8

  General Service Unit (GSU) 3, 13, 34, 79, 187, 311, 337

  Gethi, John 129

  Getonga, Alfred 72, 85, 87, 91, 129, 177, 179, 215, 251

  Gikonyo, Dr Dan 70–1, 175, 242

  Gikuyu language 26, 74, 136, 222

  Gikuyu, Embu, Meru Association (GEMA) 113, 126, 144, 176, 243, 337

  Githongo, Ciru (JG’s sister) 39, 125, 133

  Githongo, Gitau (JG’s brother) 125, 131, 132, 138, 239–40

  Githongo, Joe (JG’s father): accountant 126–7; attempts to influence JG through 94–5, 118–19; Catholic faith 123, 142, 143; home 123; JG and 15–16, 94–5, 119, 130–1, 133, 137, 175, 238–9, 250, 265; Kenyatta regime, role in 118, 160; London, life in 125; loner 135–6; marriage 123; Mau Mau and 123–4, 125; Moi regime and 118, 160; railways, work on 126; social standing 135–6; Transparency International, role in birth of 14, 141; tribalism, loathing of 126–7, 142–3; UN, work for 124–5

  Githongo, John (JG): African roots, disconnection from 143–4, 145, 229, 266–7, 286–7; Anglo Leasing, compiles dossier on 233–5, 240–1, 242, 243, 244–5, 248–54; Anglo Leasing, investigation into government contracts with 78–9, 80–97, 163–6, 233–5, 240–1, 242, 243, 244–5, 248–54; Anglo Leasing, releases details of investigation to media 248–54; author, relationship with 12–13, 14, 19, 20, 23–31, 74; author, stays with 19, 20, 23–31; birth 125, 160, 229; Britain, connection with 125, 160, 229, 266–7, 286–7; Catholic faith 27–8, 133–5, 142, 143, 159, 174, 175, 176, 237, 248; character 12, 13, 19, 27, 35–6, 37–40, 81, 132–3, 135, 161, 175–7, 216–17, 233, 235, 236, 264–5, 318, 323, 329–31; Chief of the Burning Spear 31–2, 218; childhood 127, 130–1; diaries 32, 135, 216, 234; elections 2002, role in 14; exile 227–60, 263–7, 271–8, 329; family home 121–3; family, effect of actions upon 175–6, 216, 238–40, 250, 265; father, relationship with 15–16, 17, 118–19, 130–1, 137, 145, 175, 238–9; foreign donors and 15, 38–9, 194, 222–3, 235, 236, 261–2, 263–4, 266, 267; girlfriend 28, 91, 216–17, 221, 250, 264–5, 335; high treason charge, possibility of 237, 251; informers 81–4, 86, 172, 180, 232, 244–5; journalist 12, 14, 138–41, 143; KACC, testifies before 254, 256, 268, 271, 272; Kibaki, relationship with 14, 15, 17–18, 34–5, 37, 66–8, 71, 86, 87, 90–1, 172–5, 179–82, 217, 219, 220, 222, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 311–12; Kikuyu ethnicity 13, 97, 115, 117–19, 130, 142–4, 145, 159–62, 163–4, 243, 253, 287–8, 289; legacy of revelations 322–4, 327, 328; media, relationship with 14, 22, 92, 240, 245, 248–50, 251, 252, 253–4; Michael Holman, stays with 39, 31; Ministry of Justice, role in setting up of 66; Moi, investigates corruption under 14, 86; mother, relationship with 133–4, 175, 238–9; NARC and 14, 66–8, 79–87, 164–6, 171–82, 215–25, 229, 233–6, 241, 242–3, 244–5, 250–4, 268–74; Oxford University, stays at 31, 32, 228–33, 235, 242, 243, 264, 285, 290, 322, 329; PAC, testifies before 95, 237–8, 254, 257, 268; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, appointment as 12, 15–18, 17, 36–7, 118–19, 145; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, abortive attempt to demote from post as 18, 177–82, 215; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, office 34–6; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, resigns as 20, 21–3, 220–5; physique 12–13, 132; police, joins 137–8; public view of 165–6, 252–4, 286–90, 322; return to Kenya 329–30; revolt, reasons for ability to 158–62, 175–6; school 127–9, 133, 135, 136, 175; smear campaign against 91–2, 231, 254, 264; State House office 34–5, 164; studies in England 12; taping of ministers’ conversations 21, 32, 88–90, 233–5, 251, 252, 253–4, 273–4, 289, 321–2; threats to 18, 26, 37, 87–8, 90–7, 176, 218–19, 222, 227–8, 229, 230–2, 250, 257–8, 274, 329–30; Transparency International and 14, 15, 141–2; travel within Africa 12; university in Wales 136, 143; World Bank Volcker panel, recruited by 263, 278

  Githongo, Mary (JG’s mother) 123–4, 125, 133–4, 238–9

  Githongo, Mugo (JG’s brother) 39, 126, 136, 138, 158, 178, 221, 239, 240, 274–5

  Githongo & Company 126–7

  Goldenberg scandal 62–3, 65, 86, 89, 139, 165–6, 168, 211, 216, 221, 228, 251, 268, 269, 284, 311, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324

  Goldsmith, Lord 276

  Grand Regency hotel 63, 322

  Hall, Francis 104

  Hannan, Lucy 312

  Hemingway, Ernest 8

  Hileman, Milena 162

  HIV/AIDS 166, 171, 208, 302, 325

  Holman, Michael 30, 31

  Home Guard 108, 110, 123, 142, 288

  Howells, Kim 259

  Human Rights Watch 35

  Infotalent Ltd 173

  International Monetary Fund (IMF) 60–1, 170, 184, 186, 261

  Iraq 262, 275

  Islamic extremism 78, 188

  Kaggia, Bildad 50

  Kaiser, Father 26

  Kamani, Deepak 84, 173, 327, 329

  Kamani, Rashmi 327

  Kamba people 43, 48, 58–9, 102, 116, 129, 157, 163, 313

  Kantai, Parselelo 324

  KANU party 77, 86, 262, 337; Anglo Leasing and 78, 171–2; elections 1997 188; elections 2002 2; elections 2007 215; independence and 109; Kikuyu and 113, 114; long grip on power 2 see also Moi, Daniel arap

  Karanja, Lisa 35–6, 38, 92, 95–6, 178, 217, 289, 324

  Karen, Nairobi 121–2, 134, 135, 175, 242, 330

  Kariuki, J.M. 26, 279

  Karua, Martha 271, 311, 334

  Karume, Njenga 175

  Kaufmann, Daniel 207–8, 263, 327

  Keane, Fergal 251

  Kalenjin people 42; Asian Kenyans, relationship with 172; character of 43, 44; elections 2007 and 290, 297, 308, 312, 316; ethnic violence in the early 1990s, role in 114, 140, 141; history of 49, 112, 113, 114, 140, 141; invention of 49; Kenyatta and 112, 113; Moi and 51, 52, 56, 57, 142, 284, 300

  KENYA

  AID AND DONORS, FOREIGN: Anglo Leasing, reaction to scandal of 192, 260–4, 266, 267; anti-corruption drive 262–4, 266–7, 275–8; Cold War 183, 185; Consultative Group meeting (April 2005) 223; corruption, general approach to 8, 9–10, 14, 38–9, 51, 53–5, 60–4, 184–225, 260–4, 266–7, 275–8, 324–5, 327–8; DfID see Department for International Development, UK; Gleneagles (2008) 206, 212, 262; High Commissioner Clay raises corruption as an issue 193–204; history of aid to Kenya 183–204, 205
–22; intimacy of relationship between donors and government ministers 190–3, 224; IMF see IMF; JG, relationship with 15, 38–9, 194, 197, 198, 222–3, 235, 236, 261–2, 263–4, 266, 267; JG, reaction to resignation of 220–5; KACA and 186; under Kenyatta 184; under Kibaki 11, 38–9, 197–204; legislation passed to appease 185–6; under Moi 8, 9–10, 14, 170, 184, 185–7; multi-party politics, enforces 51, 62; NARC regime and 170, 183, 210–11; as percentage of government spending 184; structural adjustment funding 160, 184; UK aid 187, 193–204, 205–12, 225, 261–2, 267, 275, 276–7, 337; vastly boosted aid, recent culture of 205–13, 262; War on Terror and 275–6, 277; World Bank see World Bank

  COLONIAL RULE: Asian Kenyans under 172; clichés of 8–9; corruption under 60; economy under 11; education under 134; ethnic self-awareness, role in 45–50, 52; foreign aid and history of 184, 194, 202, 203; Karen under 122; Kikuyu under 104–10, 115; living standards under 11; modern Kenyan attitudes towards 286–8; pre-eminent role of Kenya in Africa as a result of 8–9

  CORRUPTION: Anglo Leasing and see Anglo Leasing and Finance Company Ltd; anti-corruption legislation 65–6, 283–4, 285–6, 327; banks and 61, 259–60, 270; bribes 11, 55, 337; challenges to pan-African 326–7; donor communities’ approach towards 8, 9–10, 14, 38–9, 51, 53–5, 60–4, 184–225, 260–4, 266–7, 275–8, 324–5, 327–8; economy and 11, 60–1, 160–1; effect upon stability of country 258–9; elections 2002, NARC campaign on 2; history of 41–2, 50–3, 56–9, 60–3; Islamic terrorism and 258–9; JG fights see Githongo, John; judiciary 65, 268–9; Kenyan ambivalence towards 55–6, 166–8, 169, 287–8; Kibaki and see Kibaki, Mwai; kitu kidogo (‘petty’ corruption) 55, 337; land grabbing 61–2, 65; layers of Kenyan 41–2; legal system used to fight action against 268–9; Moi and see Moi, Daniel arap; NARC and see National Rainbow Coalition; NSIS investigations into 80–1; ‘Our Turn to Eat’ culture (patronage) and 8, 11, 35, 42, 44, 5–3, 56–60, 72–4, 112–14, 116–19, 143, 144, 145, 157–62, 272, 282, 290–2, 297–300, 325–6; ‘pending bills’ 61, 65; Permanent Secretary in Charge of Governance and Ethics, post created 11–12; public procurement and 65, 77, 78–97, 168–72, 200 see also Anglo Leasing and Finance Company Ltd; state loans and 61; ‘straddling’ 60; UN Convention Against Corruption, ratifies 65; Transparency International see Transparency International

  CULTURE: character of Kenyan people 7, 67–8, 157; demography 150; education system 51, 127–9, 133, 135, 136, 175; history of 45–53; population, rise in 103, 147–8, 149, 195; recent shifts in 145–62; slums 2, 10, 11, 41–2, 149, 151, 157, 191, 203, 290, 303, 312, 330; tourism 9, 311, 317; urbanisation 148–9; youth 150–5

  ECONOMY: 160–1; Cold War 9–10; colonial, effect of 9, 10–11; corruption, patronage (‘Our Turn to Eat’ culture) and 11, 60–1, 114, 160, 184–5; ethnicity, role in 282, 290, 299–300; under Kenyatta 184; under Kibaki 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; under Moi 2, 8, 9–10, 159, 171, 184, 261, 280, 290; most advanced in region 9; NARC and 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; post-election violence 2007, effect upon 311; rich and poor, wealth gap between 11, 279–80, 282, 290, 299–300; state sector shrivels 1980s 160

  ELECTIONS: 1992 general election 140; 1997 general election 188; 2002 general election 1–2, 14–15, 73, 135, 154–5, 193, 215, 237, 241, 320; 2004 general election 214; 2005, referendum on new constitution 241–4; 2007 general election 290, 295–316; post-election settlement 2007 314–16

  ETHNIC GROUPS: 11, 60–1; colonial rule, effect upon 44–50, 60, 104–10, 115; economy and 60–3, 282; elections 2007 and 290, 291–2, 295–316; ethno-favouritism/elitism 8, 11, 44, 50–3, 56–9, 72–4, 86, 112–14, 116–19, 143, 144, 145, 157–62, 272, 282, 290–2, 297–300, 325; ethno-nationalism as Africa’s most toxic problem 325; history of 45, 46–7, 48, 49–53, 60–3, 104–14; JG and family break mould of 97, 118–19, 121–44, 158–62, 163–4; JG, Mount Kenya Mafia appeal to ethnicity of 97, 118–19; Rwanda, effect upon

  Kenyan awareness of 140–1; stereotypes 42–4, 49–50; under Kenyatta 50–1, 52, 110–13; under Kibaki 51–3, 56–60, 97, 118–19, 290, 291–2, 295–316; under Moi 51, 52, 113–14; violence between ethnic groups, early 1990s 114, 140, 141; youth outlook on 150–8 see also under individual ethnic group name

  MEDIA: 7, 12, 131–2; Anglo Leasing deals, coverage of 245, 248–54, 255–6, 269–70; cartoonists 7, 10, 34, 63; corruption, coverage of 198, 240, 245, 247–54, 255–7, 269–70; JG and 12, 14, 22, 92–3, 245, 248–54, 269–70; KTN, commandos storm 255–6; Moi and 131–2; newspapers, independence of 131–2, 247–8; newspapers, quality of 12; radio 155–8, 334; television 132, 251, 255–6 see also under individual newspaper title and radio and television station name

  POLICE: 3; Anglo Leasing supply jeeps for 78, 84; corruption within 6, 11, 77, 78, 84, 173; elections 2007, actions during 305, 312; digital communications contract 328; Infotalent Ltd security contract 173; shootings 192 see also General Service Unit (GSU)

  POLITICS: constitution 8, 13, 73, 86, 113, 185, 241–4, 283; State House 12, 21, 22, 27, 32, 33, 34, 35–6, 38, 39, 65–6, 69, 70, 71, 74, 80, 81, 84, 89, 92, 93, 129, 160, 164, 172, 173, 174, 177, 179, 181, 183, 184, 202, 218, 219, 220, 222, 224, 232, 235, 238, 244, 249, 260, 270, 271, 283, 300, 304, 306, 325; multi-party regime, advent of 7, 51, 62, 79, 88, 113–14, 139, 140, 158, 193; NARC see National Rainbow Coalition; parliament 153; prime minister, NARC expected to install 8, 283

  Kenya Anti-Corruption Authority (KACA) 186, 337

  Kenya Anti-Corruption Commission (KACC) 20, 66, 84, 86, 87, 92–3, 173, 217–18, 222, 245, 250, 254, 256, 261, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273n, 274, 327

  Kenya Broadcasting Corporation 132, 251

  Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) 36, 80, 220, 291, 297, 324, 337

  Kenya Revenue Authority 280

  Kenyan High Commission, London 23, 30, 238, 254, 257, 271

  Kenyan Television Network (KTN) 255–6

  Kenyatta, Jomo 34, 36, 50–1, 73, 87, 103–4, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112, 113, 117, 118, 122, 125, 126, 159, 160, 184, 279, 286, 296, 297, 300, 332

  Kenyatta, Uhuru 2, 10, 129, 175, 237

  Keriri, Matere 72, 175

  Kettering, Merlyn 173

  Khamala, Martin 138

  Kiai, Maina 36, 291

  Kiambu people 103, 105, 108, 116, 123, 136

  Kibaki, David 129, 175

  Kibaki, Lucy 190–1, 224

  Kibaki, Mwai: Anglo Leasing dossier, reaction to release of 251, 268, 273; anti-corruption legislation 65–6, 283–4, 285; cabinet 7–8, 72–4, 80, 84–5, 241, 244, 245, 268, 273; car crash 2002 4, 34, 94, 181–2, 242; character 4–5, 8, 68–70, 71–3, 219; constitution and 8, 73, 86, 241–4, 283; corruption, attitudes towards 2, 5, 7, 12, 20, 65–6, 74–5, 77–8, 79–80, 81–97, 215, 219, 220, 222, 234, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 282–4, 285; economy under 184, 220, 261, 279–82, 290, 292–3, 299–300; elections 2002 4, 73; elections 2007 284–5, 311–12, 314; ethnic favouritism under 7–8, 72–4, 85, 86; features of former era re-emerge under 282–4; foreign donors and 11, 38–9, 197–204; health 4, 34, 70–3, 80, 94, 181–2, 242; inauguration 2002 1–6, 8, 14, 65–6, 164, 283; inauguration 2007 306; JG, relationship with 14, 17–18, 22, 23, 34–5, 37, 67–8, 71, 86, 87, 90–1, 179–82, 219, 222, 234, 235–6, 238, 244–5, 265–6, 311–12; Moi and 5, 7, 68, 284–5; Mount Kenya Mafia and 72–4, 85, 172–3, 245; speeches 5, 72

  Kibera slum, Nairobi 1, 149, 190

  Kikuyu people: birth of tribe 101–3; burial of 147–8; Central Association 106; character of 43, 103–14, 115–19; colonial rule, under 105–10; country 98–103; culture 103–14; entitlement, sense of 117; foreign influences upon 131; history of 46, 47, 48, 101–14; JG and 13, 97, 115, 117–19, 130, 142–4, 145, 159–62, 172–5, 287–8, 289; jokes, enjoyment of 115–16; Kenyatta regime, benefit from 50–1, 52, 109–10, 111–13, 115, 159; Kibaki and 8, 7–8, 72–4, 85, 86; land ownership, importance of 104, 105, 112; Mau Mau and 107–12; under Moi 113–14, 159; multi-party politics, role in advent of 113–14; popu
lation 103; Reserve 106, 111; respect for elders 117–18; son and mother bond 159

  Kikwete, Jakaya 314

  Kimani, Martin 128, 159, 324

  Kimathi, Dedan 111

  Kimunya, Amos 242, 243, 250–1, 259, 285–6, 311

  Kinyua, Joseph 219

  Kiriamiti, John 316

  Kisii tribe 307, 313

  Kiss FM 155, 156, 334

  Kisumu, Nyanza Province 282, 290, 298, 299, 300, 302–3, 306, 307, 325

  Kiswahili language 26, 74, 79, 90, 150, 151, 203, 222, 332

  Kivuitu, Samuel 298, 304, 307

  Koinange, Jeff 129

  Kotut, Eric 322

  Kroll 12, 86, 221, 284

  Land and Freedom Armies 107 see also Mau Mau

  land grabbing 61–2, 65

  Langata Cemetery 145–8

  Leakey, Philip 186

  Leakey, Richard 18, 164, 186

  Lone, Salim 284

  Lonsdale, John 49, 111

  Luhya people 43, 58–9, 116, 163, 307, 313

  Luo people 43, 44, 49–50, 73, 116, 127, 129, 149, 216, 241, 289, 290, 291, 299, 302, 303, 304, 307, 308, 309, 310, 312, 313, 316

  McCarthy, Leonard 326

  MacKinnon, William 45, 46

  Maasai 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49, 103, 104, 105, 106, 112, 114, 124, 281, 320

  Maasai Mara 53, 317

  Maathai, Wangari 49–50, 175

  Macharia, Edith 253

  Magari, Joseph 84–5, 87. 93, 165

  Maina, Wachira 42, 324

  majimboism 296

  Make Poverty History 205, 206, 266

  Makokha, Kwamchetsi 131–2, 284, 297–8, 326

  Makotsi, Pamela 256

  Malik, A.H. 94

  Mangu, Central Province 125, 131

  Maore, Maoka 77, 78–9, 85, 86, 328

  Margaryan, Artur 256–60

  Mars Group Kenya 166, 324, 328

  Mathare slum 290, 308, 309, 310, 330

  Mati, Mwalimu 36, 67, 69, 79, 175, 217, 315, 324

  Matiba, Raymond 129

  Mau Mau 50–1, 107–12, 123, 124, 125, 130, 140, 142, 159, 232, 287, 288

  Mbeki, Moeletsi 325